I realised I have a sort of explanatory image at hand.

It has a part that is embedded in a mitochondrial membrane and works as a rotor. The other part is sticking out from the membrane and is responsible for synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate. An off-axis part of the rotor pushes the stator, it changes shape and pushes ADP and phosphate together, until they fuse to ATP.

To make the rotor move, it makes use of membrane potential. One side of the membrane has a lot more H⁺ (just protons, really) than the other. The excess H⁺ want to go to the other side. The membrane doesn’t let them through. It is hydrophobic on the inside, so it does’t let through anything charged (like H⁺) or polar (like water). This is the potential and it has quite a lot of energy. ATP synthase lets the H⁺ through by binding them to the rotor in the membrane in a particular place and releases them in another in such a way that forces the rotor to turn almost a full turn before they can leave and stops it from rotating the other way. As mentioned, the rotation is transfered to the stator, changing its shape and thus creating ATP. As a side note, multiple H⁺ are bound on the rotor along its circumference, so each rotation is powered by the potential energy of multiple protons.

Of course, it’s a bit more complicated than that, but I don’t think there’s anything downright wrong or misleading in what I wrote. I hope I managed to make it understandable. Also, I recommend animations of the synthase on youtube.

To me, it’s obvously a trilobite :-)

Do you really need so may crushers? So far 3 are enough for me. I have very little experience, but it successfully went to all 3 first planets without much problem on my first try, only Gleba suffered from too little electricity.

That’s the case for most species.

As a very specific and highly functional example of critical viral proteins in other organisms, there wouldn’t be any placental mammals without viruses. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta

Mammalian placentas probably first evolved about 150 million to 200 million years ago. The protein syncytin, found in the outer barrier of the placenta (the syncytiotrophoblast) between mother and fetus, has a certain RNA signature in its genome that has led to the hypothesis that it originated from an ancient retrovirus: essentially a virus that helped pave the transition from egg-laying to live-birth.

To get an extra boost from the homepage sorting algorithm. More people will get a recommendation, of a newly released game is selling well.

There’s probably quite a few people who couldn’t play during the week. There were hudnreds of thousands copies sold in the last few days, not everyone could play right away. I got lucky and managed to squeeze maybe 10 hours in…

There also might be people who bought it from Steam, since the word got out it’s better for Wube, but then went to factorio.com and got a copy unconnected from Steam. But yes, even before, there was a surprising number of people who didn’t get any achievement ever.

Then I suggest that you don’t look at achievements.

It might also be dangerous to browse research tree, but it isn’t based on anything specific, as I didn’t do so myself. Yet.

Oh, thank you. I stopped reading when it started to talk about someone else 9 years later, I thought it would be some other controversy. I wish he crowdsourced the $150 though. I wonder how many citations it could have gotten…

And how did it end? Was it published? Did they get off the fucking mailing list? Wikipedia doesn’t say.

I think pokemon used to be an oncosuppressor gene, but since its mutations caused cancer, Pokemon owners threatened (or mayvbe even sued), until the name was changed.

The reason for the 50 years of oil, as I heard it explained, is that this is how far ahead the oil companies plan. They look for enough oil to cover the timeframe they plan for. When they have that covered, they don’t look, until they need more. When they need more, they go and find it.

I use Pocketbook. It opens just about anything - epub, mobi, pdf, pdb, and many more formats. Just get a book anywhere and copy it via USB. Or send it as an email attachment to your special address and it will download automatically. You can even replace the reading app with another relatively easily, if you want.

I thought these were disproved by lack of gravitational microlensing?

Not everyone feels the need to read such articles. I’m glad for this summary. Provided it’s true, but it’s entirely believable.

Why are there such high differences around Britain and pretty much nowhere else? I understand why the Mediterranean sea has almost none, such a large volume just can’t pass the Gibraltar, but I don’t understand why there is so much water moving around Britain. Is it just water moving along and being stopped by land wihnout having much other places to flow?

I didn’t check the calculation, but I guess it assumes perfect conversion of motion to heat. But it’s good to know that if you can get a perfectly static chicken, you can hypersonic-slap it cooked.

The time when you get power armor. I usually rush mk2 and skip mk1, but still, around that time. At that time, you definitely don’t have a spidertron. Spidertron is definitely late game. Of course, at that time, spidertron is the weapon of choice.

I know. And I’m sure there will be more weapons. I’m just a little worried about what is currently late midgame situation on Nauvis, especially during expnsion. Just when you get your your power armor and finally can clean up nests with relative ease. I’m not especially fond of combat, especially in person, so I really like finally being quite safe. I guess I’ll have to change tactics and use combat robots much more.

Even in legendary quality, it does 25 damage compared to 30 now. I’m sure you can still be a formidable killing machine, but quite late, and not on Nauvis alone. I’m going to miss being safe and unstoppable. But I trust the devs to make a fun game, they were incredibly successful in this so far.

Tell me more!